After this lesson, the learner should be able to:

• Understand that the terms 'shifting' and 'translation' have the same meaning 
• Understand the difference between a horizontal and vertical shift (translation) of a parabola by looking at the formula
• Understand the difference between a horizontal and vertical shift (translation) of a parabola by looking at the functional notation
• Understand how to deal with vertical and horizontal shifts in one question
• Deal with questions involving the nature of roots with graphs